145. Scale Drawings and Real Distances

Learning Intentions

  • To understand that scale drawings can be used to depict large or small objects
  • convert from a distance on a map or diagram to the actual distance in real life
  • convert from the actual distance in real life to a distance on a map or diagram
  • Determine the scale factor given a distance on a diagram and the distance in real life

Pre-requisite Summary

  • Know that length can be measured in units such as mm, cm, m and km
  • Be able to convert between metric units of length
  • Understand that a ratio compares two quantities
  • Be able to Simplify ratios
  • Know that multiplication and division can be used to scale quantities up or down
  • Understand that diagrams do not always show real size
  • Be able to read labelled lengths on a map or drawing

Worked Examples

Worked Example 1

State what each scale means in words:

a)

b)

c)

Worked Example 2

A map has scale . Solve the actual distance if the map distance is:

a) cm

b) cm

Worked Example 3

A floor plan has scale . Find the actual distance if the plan distance is:

a) cm

b) cm

Worked Example 4

A model car is built to scale . Find the model length if the real car length is:

a) m

b) m

Worked Example 5

A map distance of cm represents km in real life. Find the scale factor.

Worked Example 6

A diagram distance of cm represents a real length of m. Find the scale factor.

Problems

Problem 1

State what each scale means in words:

a)

b)

c)

Problem 2

A map has scale . Find the actual distance if the map distance is:

a) cm

b) cm

Problem 3

A floor plan has scale . Find the actual distance if the plan distance is:

a) cm

b) cm

Problem 4

A model plane is built to scale . Find the model length if the real plane length is:

a) m

b) m

Problem 5

A map distance of cm represents km in real life. Find the scale factor.

Problem 6

A diagram distance of cm represents a real length of m. Find the scale factor.

Exercises

Understanding and Fluency

Exercise 1.

Complete each statement:

a) A scale drawing shows an object at a different ______

b) In the scale , unit on the drawing represents _ units in real life

c) To Use a scale correctly, the units must first be made the ______

Exercise 2.

State what each scale means in words:

a)

b)

c)

d)

Exercise 3.

Convert from diagram distance to actual distance:

a) scale , diagram distance cm

b) scale , diagram distance cm

c) scale , map distance cm

Exercise 4.

Convert from diagram distance to actual distance:

a) scale , map distance cm

b) scale , diagram distance cm

c) scale , map distance cm

Exercise 5.

Convert from actual distance to diagram distance:

a) scale , real length m

b) scale , real length m

c) scale , real distance km

Exercise 6.

Convert from actual distance to diagram distance:

a) scale , real length m

b) scale , real length m

c) scale , real distance km

Exercise 7.

Determine the scale factor in each case:

a) cm on a map represents km in real life

b) cm on a plan represents m in real life

c) cm on a model represents cm in real life

Exercise 8.

Determine the scale factor in each case:

a) cm on a diagram represents m in real life

b) cm on a map represents km in real life

c) cm on a model represents m in real life

Reasoning

Exercise 9.

Explain why units must be converted before finding a scale factor.

Exercise 10.

A student says that a scale of means you add to the drawing length to get the real length. Explain the mistake.

Exercise 11.

Noah says that a scale factor of makes the drawing smaller than the real object. Is he correct? Explain.

Exercise 12.

Explain why a map scale such as is useful for showing large places.

Exercise 13.

A student finds that cm on a map represents km in real life and writes the scale as . Describe the error.

Problem-solving

Exercise 14.

A map has scale . Two towns are cm apart on the map. Find the actual distance in kilometres.

Exercise 15.

A classroom plan has scale . A wall is cm long on the plan. Find the real wall length.

Exercise 16.

A real road is km long. On a map with scale , how long should the road be on the map?

Exercise 17.

A model train is built to scale . The real train carriage is m long. Find the model length in cm.

Exercise 18.

On a diagram, cm represents a real fence length of m. Determine the scale factor.

Exercise 19.

A map shows two landmarks cm apart. In real life they are km apart. Find the map scale.

Potential Misunderstandings

  • Students may think a scale is found by comparing numbers without making the units the same
  • Students may reverse the order of drawing distance and real distance in a scale ratio
  • Students may multiply when they should divide, or divide when they should multiply
  • Students may think a larger number in the scale always means a larger drawing
  • Students may confuse enlargement scales such as with reduction scales such as
  • Students may forget to convert between cm, m and km when solving scale problems
  • Students may write a scale factor that is not simplified
  • Students may think map distances are already actual distances

Next: 146. Understanding and Using Rates