034. Substituting into Algebraic Expressions

Learning Intentions

  • To understand that variables/pronumerals can be replaced with numbers
  • Substitute numbers for variables/pronumerals
  • Evaluate an expression Use order of operations once all variable/pronumeral values are known

Pre-requisite Summary

  • Understand that a variable or pronumeral is a symbol that represents a number
  • Know that substitution means replacing a variable with its given value
  • Recognise that multiplication can be written without a sign, for example
  • Recall the order of operations for expressions involving more than one operation
  • Be able to Use brackets correctly when substituting negative or multi-step values if needed
  • Be able to perform basic arithmetic accurately after substitution

Worked Examples

Worked Example 1

Substitute the given value and evaluate:

a) Solve the value of when

b) Find the value of when

c) Explain what substitution means

Worked Example 2

Substitute and evaluate:

a) Find the value of when

b) Find the value of when

Worked Example 3

Substitute and evaluate using order of operations:

a) Find the value of when and

b) Find the value of when and

Worked Example 4

Substitute and evaluate using order of operations:

a) Find the value of when and

b) Find the value of when and

Worked Example 5

Substitute and evaluate expressions with brackets:

a) Find the value of when

b) Find the value of when

Worked Example 6

Substitute and evaluate:

a) Find the value of when

b) Find the value of when and

Problems

Problem 1

Substitute the given value and evaluate:

a) Find the value of when

b) Find the value of when

c) Explain what substitution means

Problem 2

Substitute and evaluate:

a) Find the value of when

b) Find the value of when

Problem 3

Substitute and evaluate using order of operations:

a) Find the value of when and

b) Find the value of when and

Problem 4

Substitute and evaluate using order of operations:

a) Find the value of when and

b) Find the value of when and

Problem 5

Substitute and evaluate expressions with brackets:

a) Find the value of when

b) Find the value of when

Problem 6

Substitute and evaluate:

a) Find the value of when

b) Find the value of when and

Problems

Problem 1

a) Evaluate when

b) Evaluate when

Problem 2

a) Evaluate when

b) Evaluate when

Problem 3

a) Evaluate when and

b) Evaluate when and

Problem 4

a) Evaluate when and

b) Evaluate when and

Problem 5

a) Evaluate when

b) Evaluate when

Problem 6

a) Evaluate when

b) Evaluate when and

Exercises

Understanding and Fluency

Exercise 1.

Substitute and evaluate:

a) when

b) when

c) when

Exercise 2.

Substitute and evaluate:

a) when

b) when

c) when

Exercise 3.

Substitute and evaluate:

a) when

b) when

c) when

Exercise 4.

Substitute and evaluate:

a) when

b) when

c) when

Exercise 5.

Substitute and evaluate using two variables:

a) when

b) when

c) when

Exercise 6.

Substitute and evaluate using two variables:

a) when

b) when

c) when

Exercise 7.

Substitute and evaluate using order of operations:

a) when

b) when

c) when

Exercise 8.

Substitute and evaluate using brackets:

a) when

b) when

c) when

Exercise 9.

Substitute and evaluate powers:

a) when

b) when

c) when

Exercise 10.

Mixed substitution:

a) when

b) when

c) when

Reasoning

Exercise 11.

Explain why means when substituting a value for .

Exercise 12.

A student says that if , then . Explain the mistake.

Exercise 13.

Explain why order of operations is still needed after substituting values into an expression.

Exercise 14.

A student substitutes into and gets . Explain why this is incorrect.

Problem-solving

Exercise 15.

A taxi fare is given by the expression , where is the number of kilometres travelled. Find the fare when .

Exercise 16.

The total cost of buying notebooks at $3 each and one folder costing $4 is given by . Find the cost when .

Exercise 17.

The perimeter of a rectangle with length and width is given by . Find the perimeter when .

Exercise 18.

A phone plan costs $10 plus $2 for each gigabyte used. The total cost is . Find the cost when .

Potential Misunderstandings

  • Students may think substitution means adding the variable value to the expression without replacing the variable first
  • Students may not recognise that means
  • Students may forget to replace every occurrence of the variable in an expression
  • Students may ignore brackets when substituting and evaluating
  • Students may not Apply order of operations after substitution
  • Students may confuse with
  • Students may treat adjacent numbers as separate digits, for example reading with as instead of
  • Students may substitute correctly but make arithmetic errors in the evaluation step

Next: 035. Equivalent Expressions and Algebraic Generalisation